1o List and Describe Beef Breeds

Over 70 breeds of cattle can be found in the United states today. However, only about 12 to 15 breeds have a major influence on the cattle manufacture.

Final week, we reviewed the most common breeds of dairy cattle. This calendar week we'll look at the most common breeds of beef cattle in the Usa, because the same factors — advent, hardiness, fertility, history and production uses.

Although a large portion of the beef industry relies on crossbreeding to heighten the genetics of purebreds, management and consistency in product quality vary. Therefore, nosotros will focus on purebreds.

Angus

Appearance

• Colour: Blackness or red.
• Markings: None.
• Size: Medium. Cows weigh around 1,200 pounds; bulls weigh over 1,800 pounds.
• Horns: Naturally polled.

Other characteristics

• Region: Nationwide.
• Living conditions: Hardy cattle that tin survive harsh winters, during snowfall and storms. Red Angus are said to adapt to warmer climates better than the more dominant Blackness Angus.
• Calves: Bulls are sought after for breeding and cows calve easily because of their ascendant polled gene. Additionally, Angus calves mature faster than other breeds. Purebred calves are commonly also small to go to market when they are born, so crossbreeding with dairy cattle is common for veal production.
• Health and temperament: Angus cattle are relatively docile and hardy. Even with minimal days on feed they manage to produce Prime number and Choice grade meats.

History

The outset Angus cattle were brought to the United States in 1873 when George Grant imported them from Scotland to Kansas. Although the cattle were rejected at first, their value was somewhen realized and i,200 cattle were imported into the Midwest from 1878 to 1883.

Uses

Angus cattle are a staple of the American beef industry. Information technology is the most mutual breed of beef cattle in the U.S., known for superior muscling and marbling qualities. To be labeled "Certified Angus Beef" by USDA Graders, cattle must run across 10 criteria:

• Small or higher marbling
• Medium or fine marbling texture
• "A" maturity
• x- to 16-foursquare-inch ribeye area
• Less than 1,050-pound hot carcass weight
• Less than 1-inch fat thickness
• Superior muscling
• No hump on the neck exceeding 2 inches
• Practically free of capillary ruptures
• No dark cutting characteristics

Annotation: Reddish and blackness varieties are considered separate breeds in the United States, but have similar characteristics, which is why they were combined.

Charolais

Appearance

• Color: White to creamy white.
• Markings: None.
• Size: Large. Cows weight 1,250 to 2,000 pounds and bulls counterbalance 2,000 to over 2,500 pounds.
• Horns: Naturally horned.

Other characteristics

• Region: Widespread in the Usa. Introduced to southern states from Mexico, first, and afterward to New England states from Canada.
• Living Conditions: Able to perform well nether a variety of environmental conditions.
• Calves: Charolais cattle produce heavy calves. Bulls have developed a reputation for grading upwardly and herd improvement. Cows have a relatively easy fourth dimension calving.
• Health and temperament: Charolais are rugged, big muscled cattle. They are able to graze aggressively in warm atmospheric condition and withstand cold atmospheric condition. Although they are not the nigh docile breed, Charolais are gentle natured.

History

In 1934, Charolais cattle were brought to the The states from Mexico. Imports stopped in the mid-1940s due to an outbreak of Hoof and Mouth Disease. The quarantine between the United States, Canada and Mexico lasted until 1965 when Canada opened its doors once again. New bloodlines were then introduced to the New England states.

Uses

Charolais cattle are raised for beef. They are known for their superior growth ability and heavily muscled loins and haunches. They produce increased carcass weights, better yield grades and more marbling.

Gelbvieh

Oklahoma Land Academy.

Appearance

• Color: Red.
• Markings: None.
• Size: Large. On average, cows counterbalance around i,650 pounds and bulls weigh effectually ii,200 pounds.
• Horns: Originally horned, simply now a majority are polled.

Other characteristics

• Region: Widespread throughout the Usa. Ranks fifth in number of animals among beef breed associations in the The states.
• Living conditions: Able to conform to many dissimilar climate conditions. In addition to the U.S., they take been introduced in Spain, Portugal, Great Britain, Canada, Australia, and South Africa.
• Calves: The brood has superior fertility, calving ease, mothering ability, and growth charge per unit of the calves.
• Health and temperament: Gelbvieh are known for their quiet temperament, quick maturity, longevity, muscling and high rate of grain and feed efficiency.

History

In July of 1971, Gelbvieh were introduced to the United States past Carnation Genetics by importing semen from Deutschland.

Uses

While the breed was originally selected for meat, milk and work, today, it is used primarily for beef product. Gelbvieh produce high cutout yields. They are known as a lean brood and a source of high quality, tender young beef.

Hereford

Appearance

• Color: Red and white.
• Markings: Hereford cattle are hands recognized by their hides, marked with a white face, crest, dewlap and underline.
• Size: Medium. Cows weight effectually ane,200 pounds and bulls weigh up to one,800 pounds.
• Horns: Herefords, typically, have short, which horns, simply a polled strain has emerged in North America and the United kingdom.

Other characteristics

• Region: Worldwide.
• Living conditions: The authentication of the breed is its power to produce a high yield of beef from eating native grasses. The hardy breed flourishes in a broad range of climates on nigh every continent, today.
• Calves: Herefords are known for their longevity. Many females produce calves beyond the age of 15 years.
• Wellness and temperament: While Hereford cattle are considered a hardy breed because of their adaptability to various environments and power to graze easily, they are known for a few health issues. Some common health risks include eye cancer, vaginal prolapse, dwarfism and college adventure for lord's day damage due to the light pigmentation of their udders.

History

Hereford cattle originally came to the United States in 1817, when Henry Clay brought a balderdash and two females to Kentucky. Nevertheless, the first breeding herd was established in 1840 by William H. Sotham and Erastus Corning in Albany, New York.

Uses

Herefords were developed to produce a loftier yield of beefiness, while maximizing efficiency of production. These characteristics have fabricated Herefords one of the nearly popular breeds of cattle worldwide with more than than 5 million spread across over 50 countries.

Limousin

Appearance

• Color: Low-cal wheat to darker gilt blood-red. At that place are also blackness varieties.
• Markings: None.
• Size: Large. Males range in size from 2,200 to 2,500 pounds. Females weigh between 1,500 and 1,600 pounds.
• Horns: The Limousine is known for lighter horns, which bend forrad. However, many are dehorned as calves. Additionally, polled varieties take been developed.

Other characteristics

• Region: Widespread throughout the The states, and nowadays in about lxx countries worldwide.
• Living conditions: Limousins suit easily to different climates and environments.
• Calves: A major reason Limousins have get popular is because of their ease of calving.
• Health and temperament: One time known for poor temperament, Limousine cattle have improved disposition over the years. They are also known for being heavily muscled and lean.

History

The Limousine breed got a tardily first in the United States when compared to others. The first bulls imported permanently into the United States arrived in the fall of 1971.

Uses

Limousins are selected fortheir higher dressing percentages and yield, loftier feed conversion efficiency and their ability to produce lean, tender beef.

Shorthorn

American Shorthorn Association.

Appearance

• Colour: Scarlet, white, roan.
• Markings: Ruddy and white (at least 30 percentage red or white and 70 pct the contrary), carmine with white marks (a reddish body with some white marks on the underline, sides and i or more legs or face), roan (an intermingling of blood-red and white hair over the entire torso), also institute in solid reds and whites.
• Size: Medium. Bulls weigh about 2,200 pounds and cows weigh 1,700 pounds.
• Horns: Yep, but tin can likewise be polled.

Other characteristics

• Region: Constitute throughout the United States.
• Living weather: Hardy and adaptable to various environments.
• Calves: Shorthorns are known for increased calving ease and fertility.
• Health and temperament: Shorthorns are known for their longevity, feeding efficiency and durability. They are also known for their docile temperament. I major drawback, caused past a recessive gene is tibial hemimelia (TH), which causes severe deformities in newborn calves.

History

Although Shorthorns were introduced in the Us in 1783, they weren't separated into Milking Shorthorn and Beefiness Shorthorn breeds until the latter half of the 2th century.

Uses

Shorthorns produce high-quality beef with expert marbling.

Simmental

American Simmental Association.

Appearance

• Color: Traditionally, red and white. However, are commonly solid black and reddish colors in the United states today.
• Markings: Traditionally, a majority red with white markings on their f ace, crest, dewlap, underline, tails and sometimes spotted backs. Before long, solid colored.
• Size: Large. Cows range in size from 1,500 to 2,000 pounds and bulls weight around 2,900 pounds.
• Horns: They tin exist horned or polled.

Other characteristics

• Region: The American Simmental Association registers nearly fourscore,000 cattle annually throughout the United states.
• Living weather: Easily adaptable to dissimilar climates and production structures.
• Calves: Simmentals are known for calving ease and skilful mothering traits. They have short intervals between calving, loftier fertility rates and the ability to reproduce long-term.
• Health and temperament: Simmentals are heavily muscled, fine-lined, well conformed and docile. They are as well known for high fertility, longevity, early on maturity, good growth rates and efficient feeding. They are also piece of cake to handle and brand proficient grazers.

History

Simmental semen was introduced to the United States in 1967, followed by the first Simmental balderdash in 1971.

Uses

Simmentals all over the earth produce high beef yields. The heavy muscling, length and overall size and weight of the animal are combined to produce high-quality carcasses of solid red meat with a minimum of waste material fatty.

Related Content

• How to make up one's mind if cattle are bulls, steers, cows or heifers
• How to identify common breeds of dairy cattle

Resource

• Oklahoma State University
• American Angus Clan
• American International Charolais Association
• American Gelbvieh Association
• American Hereford Association
• Due north American Limousin Foundation
• American Shorthorn Clan
• American Simmental Association

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